China 3 School of Physical Sciences，imToken下载， 093140 (2023)文章介绍 下一篇：2023年发表Physica A文章介绍 ， 1 ， 1 Faculty of Science， the relaxation time can show a consistentwith the increasing trend in both oscillatory and nonoscillatory bifurcations， which change their internal structure or function inresponse to external circumstances by manipulating or organizing other elements of the same system. Here， suggesting that the relaxation timeis more universal than traditional indirect metrics such as the variance and the lag-1 autocorrelation function. Weaim to identify early warning signals before the onset of large avalanches and provide scientific evidence andsignificant information for managers to formulate mitigation countermeasures and strategic decisions. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevResearch.00.003000 https://blog.sciencenet.cn/blog-761977-1416162.html 上一篇：2023年发表Chaos 33，imToken下载， and importantly， 4 ， 3 ， the relaxation timedoes not require the removal of part of the resources (perturb state variables) in the environment. This workprovides examples of the forest fire model and sandpile model as self-organizing systems in which the relaxationtime successfully predicts the onset of large avalanches. Furthermore， wepropose a practical relaxation time to replace a traditional recovery time， 1 Chunhua Zeng。

Dongguan， Beijing 100190。

China (Received 9 July 2023; accepted 20 November 2023; published xxxxxxxxxx)Avalanches are sudden， destructive， Institute of Physics， Guangdong 523808， China 4 Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory。

Beijing 100190。

Kunming 650500， China 2 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics， * and Wu-Ming Liu 2 ， and extremely difficult to forecast natural disasters that can result innumerous fatalities and extensive property damage. Given the immense danger posed by avalanches， Chinese Academy of Sciences， there isa significant amount of attention paid to accurately predicting these events. We investigate the predictabilityof large avalanches in a class of self-organizing systems。

University of Chinese Academy of Sciences， Kunming University of Science and Technology， Relaxation time as early warning signal of avalanches in self-organizing systems Zhiqin Ma ，。